“For it calls your rulers ‘rulers of Sodom,’ and your people ‘the people of Gomorrah,’ when those cities had already been long extinct.” Sodom long extinct to Isaiah’s day, and to Justin’s day The All-Access membership pass is the way to get to know the Bible through biblical archaeology.
Get more biblical Archaeology: Become a Member Lot’s Cave Museum at Ancient Zoar (Zoora) This Bible History Daily feature was originally published on February 20, 2013.Īrguments Against Locating Sodom at Tall el-Hammam Not a BAS Library or All-Access Member yet? Join today.
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BAS Library Members: Read the full article “ Where Is Sodom?” by Steven Collins in Biblical Archaeology Review, March/April 2013. Was it this event-which destroyed Hammam and the other cities of the kikkar-that was remembered by the Biblical writers in their telling of the story of Sodom? Such evidence suggests the city and its environs were catastrophically destroyed in a sudden and extreme conflagration. They found scorched foundations and floors buried under nearly 3 feet of dark grey ash, as well as dozens of pottery sherds covered with a frothy, “melted” surface the glassy appearance indicates that they were briefly exposed to temperatures well in excess of 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit, the approximate heat of volcanic magma.
Read responses by scholars Bill Schlegel and Todd Bolen regarding the location of Sodom.Īcross Tall el-Hammam, archaeologists found widespread evidence of an intense conflagration that left the Middle Bronze Age city in ruins. But unlike other Canaanite cities that continued to flourish in the Late Bronze Age (1550-1200 B.C.E.), Tall el-Hammam was destroyed by fire at the end of the Middle Bronze Age and remained uninhabited for centuries. 2000–1600 B.C.E.) and became one of the largest cities in Canaan. First inhabited during the Chalcolithic period (4600–3600 B.C.E.), the site attained its maximum size during the Middle Bronze Age (c. Seeking to answer the question “Where is Sodom?” and using the Biblical geography of Genesis 13 as a guide, Collins decided to excavate Tall el-Hammam, an extensive and heavily fortified site located in modern Jordan at the eastern edge of the kikkar.
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Travel with us on our journey into the past in our free eBook Exploring Jordan. Other than Israel, no country has as many Biblical sites and associations as Jordan: Mount Nebo, from where Moses gazed at the Promised Land Bethany beyond the Jordan, where John baptized Jesus Lot’s Cave, where Lot and his daughters sought refuge after the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and many more. It is also the place where the Biblical writers set their dramatic tale of Sodom’s wickedness and destruction (Genesis 19). In Biblical geography, this well-watered disk-shaped plain, said to have been located east of the highland towns of Bethel and Ai, was an area “like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt” where Lot moved his family after his quarrel with Abraham (Genesis 13, verse 10). So where is Sodom, according to the Biblical geography of Genesis 13? Sodom and its sister cities are located in the large oval-shaped, fertile plain just north of the Dead Sea called simply ha-kikkar, or “the Disk” (Genesis 13, verse 13).
In the article “Where Is Sodom?” archaeologist Steven Collins, using clues from the Biblical geography of Genesis 13 together with archaeological evidence from the site of Tall el-Hammam (pictured), argues that Biblical tradition located Sodom in a fertile area northeast of the Dead Sea.
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